تمدن برتر

اطلاعیه

majestycivil — Sun, 23 Aug 2009 14:44:18 GMT

بسم الله الّرحمن الّرحیم

سلام

از این پس به علت بالا رفتن حجم مطالب وبلاگ مجبور شدم اونها رو دسته بندی کنم بنا بر این برای دسترسی به مطالب از آرشیو موضوعی در کنار صفحه سمت راست استفاده کنید.

برای راحتی کار اونه رو اینجا هم قرار میدم در این لینک ها میتونید مقادیر زیادی اطلاعت پیدا کنید که سرعت اینترنت اجازه نمی داد اونها رو مثل قبل در یک صفحه به نمایش بزارم پس حتما کلید کنید...

ممنون.

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نحوه اجرای سوله

majestycivil — Tue, 04 Aug 2009 06:33:28 GMT

بسم الله الّرحمن الّرحیم

ین مقاله سمینار یکی بنده ی خدایی در دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد بجنورد می باشد که نحوه اجرای سوله را با بیش از 100 عکس از سوله های درحال ساخت کارخانه های سیمان در سمنگان (خراسان شمالی ) و حما (دمشق - سوریه ) تشریح شده است و به صورت فایل Power point در اختیار علاقه مندان قرار می دهم .
لینک دانلود - حجم دانلود 9Mb

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انتخابات دهم (بدون شرح ... !)

majestycivil — Mon, 08 Jun 2009 23:55:06 GMT

بسم الله الّرحمن الّرحیم

انتخابات دهم ...

به نظر شما دقیقا چه چیزی موجب ثابت ماندن شهریه ثابت دانشگاه آزاد در سال اخیر شد ؟

1- افزایش تورم

2- رایزنی احمدی نژاد با سران این دانشگاه

3- افزایش حقوق اساتید

4- کاهش بورسیه های دکترای این دانشگاه !!!

به نظر شما شخصی به نام محسن رضایی چگونه می خواهد ملیات ها را کم کند حقوق ها را افزایش دهد ماهی 100 هزار تومان به مردم بدهد و بودجه را هم بدون نفت ببندد؟؟

1- با استفاده از پولهای جمع شده در قولک خیالیش

2- با استفاده از پول تو جیبی که از رفسنجانی می گیرد

3- با استفاده از سود حاصل از فروش زمین های رست الکتریک

4- با کمک اشخاص تایید صلاحیت شده از سوی امام مانند کروبی

جنگ با آمریکا قطعی بود چرا جنگ نشد؟

1- رهبر تصمیمات عالمانه ای اتخاض کرد

2- احمدی نژاد تصمیمات قاطعی گرفت

3- ارتش سپاه و بسیج مانور اجرا کردند

4- شخصی به نام محسن رضایی سخنرانی کرد

مهم ترین علت افزایش نقدینگی بین مردم چیست؟

1- افزایش تورم

2- کاهش قدرت خرید مردم

3- افزایش بیسابقه ضریب فلاکت

4- کاهش هزینه های دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی به دلیل ...

قولک (صندوق ...) پیشنهادی رضایی زیر نظر په کسی اداره و حفاضت می شود ؟

1- شورای تشخیص مصلحت نظام

2- کمیته نخبگان

3- زیر نظر فرزندان قیور ریش سفسدان نظام

4- خود ریش سفیدان نظام

غذای مورد علاقه ی موسوی چیست ؟

1- لارانیا

2- در هم پلو

3- آش شوله قلم کار

4- چیز برگر

به نظر شما آقای چیز می خواد دقیقا پیکار کنه ؟

1- مملکت رو چیز کنه (درست کنه )

2- نگرانی هاشو در زمینه چیز برطرف کنه (انقلاب)

3- چیز کنه

4- فقط "چیز" !!!

دقیقا سالهای اول انقلاب چه کسی مملکت رو اداره می کرد؟

1-محسن رضایی

2- میرحسین موسوی

3- هاشمی رفسنجانی

4- مهدی کروبی با کسب اختیارات ویژه از سوی امام !!!

هنگامی که امام گفت ره قدس از کربلاست شخصی به اسم هاشمی رفسانجانی کجا بود ؟

1- خونشون

2- کربلا

3- قدس

4- تلاویو ...!!!

طرح مسکن موسوی چیست ؟

1- افزایش تولید فولاد از طریق یه آقای دیگه ای که یه نمودار دیگه (دقیق تر) بعد از چهار سال بهش میده

2- واگذاری خونه های مردم به خودشون

3- همون مسکن مهر

4- واگذاری زمین های رشت الکتریک به افراد واحد شرایط برای انبوه سازی

انقلاب ایران دقیقا مدیون چه کسانی است ؟

1- هاشمی رفسنجانی

2- پسران هاشمی رفسنجانی

3- دولت محسن رضایی

4-جاسپی !!!

طرح فدرال را کدام نخبه در ایران بنیان گذاری کرد ؟

1- قاسملو (رهبر جدای طلبان کرد!!!)

2- محسن رضایی

3- مستشاران اوستیایی

4- اوباما

روشن فکر ترین زن ایرای کیست ؟

1- روکسانا ...

2- ... اسفندیاری

3- فائزه رفسنجانی

4- زهرا رهنورد

کی گویند انتخابات دهم شبیه صفین است چه چیزی این شباهت را ایجاد کرده ؟

1- فرمان هشت ماده ای امام بر سر دستان موسوس

2- شال روبان و آرم سبز موسوی

3- قرائت ختبه توسط شیخ ابو اشاس

4- کنارگذاشتن ریاست جمهوری توسط خاتمی برای به تخت نشاندن موسوی

انتخابات مذکور به کدام واقعه ی تاریخی نزدیک تر است ؟

1- پیراهن عثمان

2- جنگ صفین

3- جنگ نهروان

4- انقلاب

در یک ماه ی اخیر بیشتر به یاد کدام شخصیت های تاریخی افتاده اید ؟

1- شیخ ابو اشاس

2- عمروعاث

3- معاویه

4- یزید

کدام جمله را شرح حال این انتخابات می دانید؟

1- آنهایی که ... چشم ها و گوش هایشان بسته میشود _ قرآن مجید

2- تا زمانی که بتان زنده بر زمین راه میروند چگنه به بتان مرده سنگ بزنم _ امام حسین (علیه السلام)

3- اموال دزدیده شده را بیت المال بر می گردانم حتی اگر آنان را در مهریه زنانتان کرده باشید _ امام علی ( علیه السلام )

4- ما سرنوشت هر قومی را به دست خودشان سپردیم _قرآن مجید

اللهم عجل الولیک الفرج ...انشاءالله...

majestycivil — Thu, 16 Apr 2009 22:34:54 GMT

بسم الله الّرحمن الّرحیم

هشتمین همایش بین المللی مهندسی سواحل، بنادر و سازه های دریایی

حوزه(های) تحت پوشش: علوم دریایی و اقیانوسی, مهندسی سازه, هیدرولیك
تاریخ برگزاری: 4 آذر 1387 تا 6 آذر 1387
برگزار کننده: سازمان بنادر و كشتی رانی – تهران

پذیرش چکیده: 1387/2/15

اللهم عجل الولیک الفرج ...انشاءالله...

فهرست بها 87 و فایل اکسل ابنیه 84

majestycivil — Mon, 09 Mar 2009 03:17:18 GMT

بسم الله الّرحمن الّرحیم

برای دانلود فهرست بها 87 و فایل اکسل ابنیه 84 به دو آدرس زیر بروید و از بین گزینه ها گزینه free را انتخاب کرده در صفجه ی بعدی Download را انتخاب کنید.

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چند پاور پوینت در زمینه ساختمان های بتنی ...

majestycivil — Sat, 07 Mar 2009 03:00:18 GMT

بسم الله الّرحمن الّرحیم

Concrete Structures

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING CONCRETE STRUCTURES

PERFORMANCE OF CONCRETE STRUCTURES SUBJECTED TO HYDROCARBON FIRE ...

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دانلود جزوه بارگذاری مهندس چوبدار طوسی

majestycivil — Sat, 07 Mar 2009 02:44:21 GMT

بسم الله الّرحمن الّرحیم

اگر دروس عمران را به دو دسته مستحبات و واجبات قرار دهیم بارگذاری حتما در دسته واجبات موکد قرار میگیرد چرا که همه ما به عنوان یک مهندس عمران حتما باید بتوانیم بارگذاری یک سازه را انجام دهیم و... اما متاسفانه دربین جزوات متعددی که معرفی میشوند جزوه درس بارگذاری مظلوم واقع شده است که البته ما برای رفع این مظلومیت این جزوه را در 5 قسمت برای دانلود قرار داده ایم

دانلود قسمت اول

دانلود قسمت دوم

دانلود قسمت سوم

دانلود قسمت چهارم

دانلود قسمت پنجم

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Stunning Bridges From Around The World

majestycivil — Thu, 26 Feb 2009 22:00:27 GMT

بسم الله الّرحمن الّرحیم

Stunning Bridges From Around The World

January 9th, 2008 · 114 Comments

With the technological boom of the last century came a huge increase in construction capability, and rivers, seas or valleys which were once thought to be completely uncrossable were finally overcome by the advent of numerous new, spectacular bridges. So in honour of these incredible engineering achievements, we have selected our favourite few bridges from around the world. We have the very old, the very new, the very-nearly-finished, the very long and of course the ones which just look very, very cool. Take your pick!

Millau Bridge, Tarn Valley

Millau Bridge: Towering 1,125ft above the Tarn Valley in southern France, driving along the Millau Bridge, the largest cable-stayed vehicular bridge in the world, is said to feel like flying. This Foster + Partners marvel is slightly taller than the Eiffel Tower, took three years to build and opened to the public in 2004. While it may provide picturesque views of the valley below, once the mist descends it is not a route for the faint hearted! The Millau Bridge has a total length of 8,071ft with the longest single span at 1,122ft and a maximum clearance below of 886ft; in short the bridge is massively impressive both on paper and in real life. The deck is lofted on 7 pylons and weighs 36,000 tonnes. A series of 7 masts, each 292ft tall and weighing 700 tonnes, are attached to the corresponding pylons.

Fehmarn Belt Bridge, Baltic Sea

Fehmarn Belt Bridge: When completed in 2018 the Fehmarn Belt Bridge will stretch 11.8 miles and connect the German island of Fehmarn with the Danish island of Lolland at an estimated cost of $2.2 billion. Initial plans show the bridge will be constructed with 3 cable-stayed spans each approximately 2,375ft long and supported by four 918ft tall pillars giving 213ft of vertical clearance beneath. The proposed bridge has been controversial with opposition from businesses and conservationists who fear it may damage local wildlife.

Gateshead Millennium Bridge, Gateshead

Gateshead Millennium Bridge: The award winning $44 million Gateshead Millennium Bridge is the first and only tilting bridge in the world. Hydraulic rams at each end of the bridge allow it to tilt so small ships may pass through, and it is this innovative technology which won its designers the prestigious Stirling Prize for architecture in 2002. Thanks to the 19,000 tonnes of concrete poured into 98ft deep foundations and enough steel to build 64 double decker buses, the bridge can withstand a collision with a 4,000 tonne ship moving at 4 knots.

Bering Straits Bridge, Bering Straits

Bering Straits Bridge: The proposed Bering Straits bridge will hopefully act as a transcontinental link by land, connecting Asia, Africa and Europe with North and South America. Possible locations for the bridge have been suggested, with Cape Dezhnev, Chukotka, and Cape Prince of Wales, Alaska looking the most likely sources. Some suggestions have called for a series of three bridges spanning over 50 miles in total, although the tough Arctic conditions which make the area so notorious will almost definitely hinder construction and maintenance.

Erasmusbrug, Rotterdam

Erasmusbrug: Nicknamed ‘The Swan’ due to the shape of the pylon supporting it, the Erasmusbrug was completed in 1996 and acts as a link between the north and south of the city of Rotterdam. To allow ships to pass, the southern span boasts a 292ft long bascule bridge, the largest and heaviest if its kind in Europe. Popular for its aesthetic appeal, the bridge featured in the 2005 film ‘Who Am I?’ in which Red Bull Air Race planes flew underneath! Construction of the 2,650ft long, 6,800 tonne Erasmusbrug cost $110 million and was completed in 1996. Soon after opening to road traffic it was discovered that the bridge would sway under high wind and had to be retrofitted with dampeners.

Kintaikyo, Iwakuni

Kintaikyo: Possibly one of the most unlucky bridges in the world, Kintaikyo was reconstructed in the town of Iwakuni in 1673 after every other attempt to cross the Nishiki River via bridge had been foiled by seasonal flooding. Remarkably, the five wooden arches remained intact right up to 1950 when a typhoon finally destroyed them. However, intent on not being beaten, the bridge was again reconstructed three years later and is still crossable today!

Ponte Vecchio, Florence

Ponte Vecchio: The Ponte Vecchio is one of the most famous tourist spots in Italy, and is thought to be the oldest wholly-stone built, segmental arch bridge in Europe, although there are many partial segments which date further back. It was originally built of wood until destroyed by floods in 1333, and twelve years later it was rebuilt using stone. Famous for its lining of shops, the bridge has housed everybody from Medieval merchants and butchers to souvenir stalls and art dealers.

Golden Gate Bridge, San Francisco

Golden Gate Bridge: Completed in 1937 as the then longest suspension bridge in the world at a total length of 8,921ft, the Golden Gate Bridge is perhaps the most famous bridge in the world. Situated in San Francisco, the bridge was an enormous construction achievement at the time. It broke safety records as ‘only’ eleven construction workers were killed during construction, 19 others saved by the innovative safety net placed beneath. Photographed by thousands of tourists each year, the distinctive red paint coat is actually officially ‘international orange’, and was originally chosen to enhance visibility during the foggy conditions that are synonymous with the Bay area. The Golden Gate Bridge was brought in $1.3 million under budget at a cost of $27 million, carries 100,000 vehicles on an average day and requires 38 full-time painters for maintenance. 26 people are known to have survived the 4 second, 220ft fall at 75 mph into the strait below.

Tower Bridge, London

Tower Bridge: Completed in 1894 and designed by Horace Jones and Wolfe Barry, Tower Bridge (so named after the two, striking, 141ft high towers) is one of the most famous landmarks in London. The 800ft long bridge has a 28ft clearance when closed but raises in the centre to a maximum clearance of 140ft that allows ships to pass down the Thames. Back in the days when goods were moved by sea instead of air the bridge was raised around 50 times daily. Tower Bridge took 432 workers 8 years to build. During that time they sank 70,000 tonnes of concrete into 2 huge piers, lowered 2 counterbalanced bascules into place each weighing 1,000 tonnes and then clad the whole bridge in Portland stone and Cornish granite to disguise the 11,000 tonnes of steel beneath.

Oresund Bridge, Oresund Strait

Oresund Bridge [PDF]: At over 25,000ft long in total and 669ft tall the cable-stayed Oresund was opened in 2000 to connect Denmark and Sweden. The entire bridge weighs in at 82,000 tonnes, has one of the longest cable-stayed spans in the world at 1,608ft and carries 60,000 travellers by car, bus and train per day. Driving from Denmark you first pass through the man made island of Peberholm, disappearing into 13,287ft of undersea tunnel which takes you onto the Oresund Bridge proper before completing the journey into Sweden. Crossing the Oresund Bridge doesn’t come cheap (~$53, single, car) even though there are steep discounts for frequent travellers, which isn’t surprising considering it cost $3.8 billion.

Tsing Ma Bridge, Hong Kong

Tsing Ma Bridge: The gravity-anchored Tsing Ma Bridge in Hong Kong is the 6th largest suspension bridge in the world, and carries more rail traffic than any other bridge on earth. Construction of the Tsing Ma Bridge cost $900 million and opened in 1997 after 5 years of constant work. It has a main span of 4,518ft and is named after the two islands it connects - Tsing Yi and Ma Wan. Interestingly, 49,000 tonnes of structural steel were used in the construction of the deck while each 675 foot tall tower used 65,000 tonnes of concrete. The bridge has become a tourist attraction and is renowned for looking particularly spectacular when lit up at night. You can check it out on their live webcam.

Sydney Harbour Bridge, Sydney

Sydney Harbour Bridge, Sydney: Having celebrated its 75th birthday in 2007, the Sydney Harbour Bridge remains the widest long-span bridge in the world at a total length of 3,770ft, carrying rail, pedestrian and vehicular traffic across the harbour. Nicknamed ‘the coat hanger’ due to its arched shape, the bridge is often photographed with the nearby opera house, the pair acting as one of the most iconic images for the city and Australia itself. The longest span measures 1,650ft with the highest point on the arch 429ft above sea level. 800 homes in the area had to be demolished to make way for the bridge, which took 1,400 workers 8 years to build at a cost of about $12 million. Surprisingly (because it wasn’t massively expensive), the bridge was finally paid off in 1998!

Hong Kong - Zhuhai - Macao Bridge, SE Asia

Hong Kong - Zhuhai - Macao Bridge: The Hong Kong - Zhuhai - Macao Bridge is still at proposal stage, but if it does get a green light the 18 mile dual 3-lane carriageway bridge will reduce road travel times between Hong Kong and Macau from 4.5 hours currently to 40 minutes. It will include the construction of 2 man-made islands connected by an undersea tunnel to facilitate the safe passage of shipping.

Bosphorus Bridge, Istanbul

Bosphorus Bridge: Although it may not be the longest or largest bridge in the world, the Bosphorus Bridge in Turkey is renowned because it separates two continents, namely Europe and Asia. The Bosphorus Bridge was completed in 1973 with a main span of 3,523ft and clearance of 210ft. In 2005, American tennis star Venus Williams played a five-minute tennis match on the bridge with Turkish player Ipek Senoglu, the first tennis match ever to be played across two continents.

San Diego-Coronado Bridge, San Diego

San Diego-Coronado Bridge: Construction of the vehicle-only San Diego-Coronado Bridge finished in 1969 at a cost of $47.6 million, featuring a 90 degree curve during it’s 11,288ft length. It was built at a maximum height of 200ft to allow vessels to travel underneath; in fact it is tall enough to allow an empty aircraft carrier to pass. It has the unfortunate title of the third most popular suicide bridge in the USA with more than 200 recorded suicides between 1972 and 2000, behind the Golden Gate in San Francisco and the Aurora bridge in Seattle. It costs $1 nothing to use the bridge, which raised $8 million in revenue per annum when the (now defunct) toll booths were in operation. Oddly enough, a man who survived the 200 foot drop into San Diego Bay after he jumped holding a captured Belgian Malinois police dog (that was presumably chasing him) is now being held in lieu of $1 million bail and pleading not guilty to harming the animal!

Akashi-Kaikyo, Kobe-Naruto

Akashi-Kaikyo: The Akashi-Kaikyo bridge in Japan is the daddy of all suspension bridges, over 1,200ft longer than the 2nd place Great Belt Bridge in Denmark. Originally built to replace the dangerous Kobe-Iwaya ferry in 1998 which had suffered at the hands of numerous storms, the bridge crosses the Akashi Strait and cost around $4.5 billion to build. The statistics on this build are staggering; it took 2 million workers 10 years to build the Akashi-Kaikyo Bridge. During that time they poured 1.4 million cubic meters of concrete, assembled 181,000 of structural steel, built 350,000 tonne anchor blocks at either end of the bridge and hooked up enough steel cable to circle the world 7 times!

Hangzhou Bay Bridge, Zhejiang

The Hangzhou Bay Bridge: When opened in 2007 at 22.4 miles long, the Hangzhou Bay Bridge linked the provinces of Shanghai and Ningbo is the second longest bridge in the world and has a $1.4 billion price label to match. The bridge won’t be open to the public until late 2008 and was the centre of huge controversy with many locals questioning the need to build a bridge of this type, as well as whether it was simply being constructed to rival the Lupu, a competing bridge in Shanghai. There are 2 main spans in the bridge, a 1,470 foot long northern span and a shorter 1,040 southern span. When it comes to length the Hangzhou Bay Bridge is second only to Lake Pontchartrain Causeway in Louisiana.

Magdeburg Water Bridge, Magdeburg

Magdeburg Water Bridge: One of the most distinctively designed bridge on the list, the Magdeburg Water Bridge is exactly what its name suggests; a bridge made over water. It was built to connect the Elbe-Havel Canal and the Mittellandkanal, allowing cargo to travel between Berlin and the ports along the River Rhine without a tedious 7.5 mile detour. It does in fact actually cross the River Elbe! It took 6 years, $733 million, 68,000 cubic meters of concrete and 24,000 tonnes of structural steel to construct the 3,010ft long bridge.

refrence: http://frikoo.com/18-stunning-bridges-from-around-the-world

اللهم عجل الویلیک الفرج ...انشاءالله...

The principle of composite action

majestycivil — Wed, 25 Feb 2009 13:01:39 GMT

بسم الله الّرحمن الّرحیم

The principle of composite action

The principle of composite construction can be demonstrated by comparing the action of two joists placed one on top of the other. If these are physically connected the bending strength and stiffness are significantly improved.

The principle of composite beam behaviour can be illustrated with reference to a pair of timber joists. If these are simply placed one on top of the other and loaded as a beam there will be some relative movement between the two.

Both joists will contribute independently to the bending strength which will simply be the sum of the strengths of the two joists. If each joist has a breadth b and depth d the bending strength of each can be quantified as

bd² / 6

and hence the combined strength is simply

bd^2/3

If the joists are now connected together, say by spiking them at regular intervals or by gluing, the two will act together as a single unit with a depth of 2d.

The bending strength of the beam then becomes

b(2d)^{2 / 6} = 2bd² ^{/ 3}

Representing a doubling of the previous strength. The forces developed along the interface preventing slip are referred to as longitudinal shear forces.

Similar improvements in performance can be achieved by connecting the concrete floor slab to the steel beams which support it, using 'shear connectors'.

In traditional construction of steel framed buildings the steel beam and concrete slab which it supports are not positively connected. The contribution of the slab to the strength of the beam is generally small and can be ignored. The steel section alone is used to determine the beam strength and stiffness.

If the slab and steel beam are now connected, preventing any slip between the two, the strength will be increased as it was in the case of the timber joists.

The connectors accommodate the longitudinal shear force in the same way as the connection between the two timber joist sections described above. They are therefore referred to as shear connectors.

Significant savings are possible using composite beam construction, but details such as holes in the slabs need careful consideration.

Precisely how much better a composite beam is compared with the same beam used non-compositely depends upon both the beam size and the slab details. However it is likely that improvements of about 20% may typically be achieved. This means that composite beams are correspondingly lighter than non-composite beams for the same span and loading conditions. It should of course be recognised that the composite action is dependent on the integrity of the concrete slab. This means that great care must be exercised where openings occur in the slab, particularly if they are close to a beam and in such cases it may be that composite action cannot be used.

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Drawings to Accompany the Building Guidelines

majestycivil — Wed, 25 Feb 2009 11:58:36 GMT

بسم الله الّرحمن الّرحیم

Drawings to Accompany the Building Guidelines

Section C: Timber Construction

Figure C-1: Alternative Foundation for a Small Timber Building

With timber construction the foundation must ensure that the building is adequately supported. For most timber buildings the foundation must be firmly anchored to the ground to prevent the building from being moved by high winds. This foundation alternative describes a timber post concreted into a hole in firm soil. Greenheart or pressure treated timber must be used.

Figure C-2: Fixing Detail for Timber Joist Bearing on a Concrete Beam

Figure C-3: Fixing Detail for Timber Rafter to a Timber Header

Figure C-4: Alternative Fixing Arrangements for Pillar Supports at Floors to Resist Uplift

USAID/OAS Post-Georges Disaster Mitigation: http://www.oas.org/pgdm

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